European and Mediterranean civilizations encompass a rich tapestry of cultures and histories that have shaped the modern world. Key regions include Greece, known for its contributions to philosophy and democracy, and Rome, which established a vast empire and legal systems that influence many countries today. The Mediterranean Sea served as a vital trade route, connecting diverse societies and facilitating cultural exchange. Throughout history, these civilizations have been marked by significant events, such as the Renaissance, which revived classical learning, and the Age of Exploration, which expanded global trade networks. The influence of Christianity and Islam also played crucial roles in shaping social and political structures across Europe and the Mediterranean.