The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to space exploration and research. Established in 1975, it has 22 member states, primarily from Europe. ESA's mission includes developing satellite technology, conducting scientific research, and collaborating on international space missions, such as those involving the International Space Station. ESA is known for its various programs, including Earth observation, human spaceflight, and planetary exploration. It has launched numerous satellites, such as the Galileo navigation system and the Copernicus program for environmental monitoring. ESA also works closely with other space agencies, including NASA and Roscosmos, to advance global space exploration efforts.