The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to the exploration of space. Established in 1975, it comprises 22 member states and collaborates on various space missions, satellite launches, and scientific research to advance our understanding of the universe. ESA plays a crucial role in developing technologies for space exploration, Earth observation, and telecommunications. Its notable missions include the Hubble Space Telescope and the Mars Express orbiter, which have significantly contributed to our knowledge of space and planetary science.