The term "Etruscan" refers to the ancient civilization that thrived in what is now central Italy, particularly in the region of Tuscany, from around the 8th century BCE until the rise of the Roman Republic. The Etruscans are known for their advanced culture, which included impressive architecture, art, and a unique language that remains only partially understood today. Etruscan society was organized into city-states, each governed by its own king or aristocracy. They had a significant influence on early Rome, particularly in areas such as religion, governance, and engineering. Etruscan artifacts, including pottery and metalwork, provide valuable insights into their daily life and beliefs.