Ethnic states are countries or regions where a specific ethnic group predominates in terms of culture, language, and identity. These states often arise when a particular ethnic group seeks to establish a homeland, leading to the formation of a nation-state that reflects their unique heritage and values. Examples include Japan and Armenia, where the majority of the population shares a common ethnic background. In ethnic states, the government and policies may prioritize the interests of the dominant ethnic group, which can sometimes lead to tensions with minority groups. This dynamic can affect social cohesion and political stability, as seen in regions like Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sri Lanka, where ethnic diversity has led to conflict.