Sovereign states are independent political entities recognized by other nations and international organizations. They possess defined territories, permanent populations, and the ability to enter into relations with other states. Examples include France, Brazil, and Japan, each with their own governments and legal systems. The concept of sovereignty is fundamental in international law, emphasizing the authority of a state to govern itself without external interference. This principle is crucial for maintaining order and stability in global affairs, allowing nations to engage in diplomacy, trade, and conflict resolution while respecting each other's sovereignty.