Ethical theory is a framework that helps us understand what is right and wrong. It provides guidelines for making moral decisions and evaluating actions. Different theories, like utilitarianism and deontology, offer various perspectives on how to determine ethical behavior. For example, utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of actions, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number, while deontology emphasizes following rules and duties regardless of the outcome. These theories are essential in fields like philosophy, law, and medicine, where ethical dilemmas often arise. By studying ethical theories, individuals can develop a clearer understanding of their values and make more informed choices in their personal and professional lives.