Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach. This backflow, or reflux, can cause symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that normally prevents this backflow, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. Common risk factors for GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, and certain foods or beverages, such as caffeine and alcohol. Treatment options often involve lifestyle changes, medications, or, in severe cases, surgery. Managing GERD is important to prevent complications like esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus.