Esophageal anomalies are congenital conditions that affect the structure and function of the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. These anomalies can include conditions like esophageal atresia, where the esophagus does not form properly, and tracheoesophageal fistula, where an abnormal connection forms between the esophagus and the trachea. These issues can lead to difficulties in swallowing and feeding, often requiring surgical intervention. Diagnosis of esophageal anomalies typically occurs shortly after birth, often through imaging studies or endoscopy. Treatment usually involves surgery to correct the structural issues, allowing for normal feeding and digestion. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in affected infants.