A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital condition where an abnormal connection forms between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (food pipe). This can lead to serious complications, as food and liquids can enter the lungs instead of the stomach, causing choking or aspiration pneumonia. TEF is often diagnosed in newborns, especially if they have difficulty feeding or show signs of respiratory distress. Treatment typically involves surgery to correct the abnormal connection and restore normal function. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in affected infants.