Escherichia is a genus of bacteria that includes several species, the most notable being Escherichia coli (E. coli). These bacteria are commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, playing a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption. While most strains are harmless, some can cause foodborne illnesses. E. coli is often used in scientific research and biotechnology due to its rapid growth and well-understood genetics. It serves as a model organism in molecular biology and is also utilized in the production of insulin and other important substances.