Epiglottitis is a serious medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis, a small flap of tissue that covers the windpipe. This inflammation can lead to swelling, which may obstruct the airway and make breathing difficult. It is most commonly caused by bacterial infections, particularly by the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteria, although other pathogens can also be responsible. Symptoms of epiglottitis include severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and drooling. It often occurs in children but can affect individuals of any age. Prompt medical attention is crucial, as epiglottitis can progress rapidly and may require emergency treatment to secure the airway.