The epiglottis is a small, leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue. Its primary function is to prevent food and liquids from entering the trachea, or windpipe, during swallowing. When you swallow, the epiglottis folds down over the opening of the trachea, directing food toward the esophagus instead. This structure plays a crucial role in the body's respiratory and digestive systems. If the epiglottis does not function properly, it can lead to choking or aspiration, where food or liquid enters the lungs. Maintaining a healthy epiglottis is important for safe swallowing and effective breathing.