Eoanthropus dawsoni, commonly known as the "Piltdown Man," is a fossil that was discovered in 1912 in Piltdown, England. It was initially thought to be a significant link in human evolution, combining features of both humans and apes. The specimen included a skull and jawbone, which led scientists to believe it represented an early human ancestor. However, in 1953, it was revealed that Eoanthropus dawsoni was a hoax. The skull belonged to a modern human, while the jawbone came from an orangutan. This discovery highlighted the importance of scientific scrutiny and the need for careful examination of fossil evidence in the study of paleoanthropology.