Early humans, known as Homo sapiens, emerged around 300,000 years ago in Africa. They were hunter-gatherers, relying on hunting animals and foraging for plants to survive. Their ability to create tools and use fire was crucial for their development and adaptation to various environments. As early humans migrated across the globe, they encountered different climates and landscapes. This led to the development of diverse cultures and languages. They created art, such as cave paintings, and began to form social groups, laying the foundation for modern human societies.