Endourology is a specialized field of urology that focuses on minimally invasive techniques to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the urinary tract. This includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Procedures often involve the use of small instruments inserted through natural openings, reducing the need for large incisions. Common procedures in endourology include ureteroscopy for kidney stones and transurethral resection for bladder tumors. These techniques aim to minimize recovery time and complications, allowing patients to return to their daily activities more quickly compared to traditional surgical methods.