Endoscopic techniques involve the use of an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera, to visualize and treat internal organs. These minimally invasive procedures allow doctors to examine areas such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and urinary tract without large incisions, reducing recovery time and discomfort for patients. Common endoscopic procedures include gastroscopy, which examines the stomach, and colonoscopy, used to inspect the colon. These techniques can also facilitate interventions like biopsies, polyp removal, and the treatment of bleeding, making them essential tools in modern medicine for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes.