The title "Emperor of Mexico" refers primarily to Maximilian I, who ruled from 1864 to 1867. He was an Austrian archduke who was installed as emperor by French forces during the Second French Intervention in Mexico. His reign aimed to establish a monarchy in Mexico, but it faced significant opposition from republican forces. Maximilian's rule ended when the French withdrew their support, leading to his capture by Benito Juárez's republican army. He was executed in 1867, marking the end of the short-lived empire and the restoration of the Mexican Republic. The title has since become a symbol of failed imperial ambitions in Mexico.