Emperor Moctezuma II was the ninth ruler of the Aztec Empire, reigning from 1502 to 1520. He is known for expanding the empire and strengthening its economy through tribute and trade. His leadership coincided with the arrival of Spanish explorers, which would ultimately lead to significant changes in the region. Moctezuma II was a skilled diplomat and military leader, overseeing the construction of impressive temples and public works in the capital city of Tenochtitlán. His reign ended when he was captured by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés, marking a pivotal moment in the history of the Americas.