The Aztec Civilization was a powerful and advanced society that thrived in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Known for their impressive architecture, intricate art, and complex social structure, the Aztecs built the grand city of Tenochtitlan, which became one of the largest cities in the world at its peak. The Aztecs practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping a pantheon of gods, including Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl. They are also known for their agricultural innovations, such as chinampas, which allowed them to cultivate crops on floating gardens. Their civilization came to an end with the arrival of Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés in the early 16th century.