Emperor Kōtoku was the 33rd emperor of Japan, reigning from 645 to 654 AD. He is known for his efforts to centralize power and implement reforms that aimed to strengthen the imperial government. His reign followed the Taika Reform, which sought to modernize the Japanese state by adopting elements from China. Kōtoku's rule was marked by significant political changes, including the establishment of a more organized bureaucracy. He also promoted the spread of Buddhism and supported the development of infrastructure. His reign ended with his death in 654, after which he was succeeded by his son, Emperor Kōgen.