Electron orbitals are regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. Each orbital has a specific shape and energy level, which helps determine how electrons are arranged in an atom. The main types of orbitals are s, p, d, and f, each with unique characteristics and capacities for holding electrons. The arrangement of electrons in these orbitals is described by the quantum numbers, which indicate the size, shape, and orientation of the orbitals. Understanding electron orbitals is essential for explaining chemical bonding and the behavior of atoms in different elements on the periodic table.