The periodic table is a chart that organizes all known chemical elements based on their properties. Each element is represented by a unique symbol, like H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. The table is arranged in rows and columns, with elements in the same column sharing similar characteristics. This organization helps scientists understand how elements interact with one another. In the periodic table, elements are also grouped by their atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. This arrangement reveals patterns in their behavior, making it easier to predict how different elements will react in chemical reactions. The periodic table is an essential tool in chemistry and science education.