Atomic orbitals are regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. Each orbital has a specific shape and energy level, which helps determine how electrons are arranged in an atom. The most common types of orbitals are s, p, d, and f, each with unique characteristics. For example, s orbitals are spherical, while p orbitals have a dumbbell shape. These orbitals play a crucial role in chemical bonding and reactions. When atoms combine to form molecules, their atomic orbitals overlap, allowing electrons to be shared or transferred. This interaction is fundamental to understanding the behavior of elements in the Periodic Table and the formation of compounds.