Electrical conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow through them easily. Common examples include metals like copper and aluminum, which have free electrons that facilitate the movement of electricity. Conductors are essential in various applications, such as wiring in homes and electronic devices. The effectiveness of a conductor is measured by its conductivity, which indicates how well it can transmit electric current. Factors like temperature and material composition can affect conductivity. Insulators, on the other hand, are materials that resist the flow of electricity, making them useful for protecting against electric shock and ensuring safety in electrical systems.