Ecosystem functioning refers to the natural processes and interactions that occur within an ecosystem, which includes living organisms and their physical environment. These processes, such as nutrient cycling, energy flow, and species interactions, help maintain the balance and health of the ecosystem. For example, plants convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, which supports various herbivores and carnivores. Healthy ecosystem functioning is essential for providing services that benefit humans, such as clean air, water purification, and pollination of crops. Disruptions, like pollution or habitat loss, can negatively impact these processes, leading to a decline in biodiversity and ecosystem health. Understanding these functions helps in conservation efforts and sustainable resource management.