Ecosystem fragmentation occurs when large habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches, often due to human activities like urban development, agriculture, or road construction. This division can disrupt the natural processes that support wildlife and plant species, making it harder for them to find food, mates, and shelter. As a result of fragmentation, species may face increased competition for resources and a higher risk of extinction. Additionally, it can lead to a loss of biodiversity, as some species may not survive in smaller, isolated areas. Protecting and restoring habitats is essential to mitigate the effects of ecosystem fragmentation.