Economic geology is the branch of geology that focuses on the study of materials that can be extracted from the Earth for economic benefit. This includes minerals, metals, and fossil fuels, which are essential for various industries and everyday products. Economic geologists assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of these resources to determine their viability for extraction. The field also involves evaluating the environmental impacts of resource extraction and developing sustainable practices. By understanding the geological processes that form these resources, economic geologists help guide exploration and mining efforts, ensuring that societies can responsibly utilize Earth's natural wealth while minimizing ecological damage.