East African sleeping sickness, also known as Trypanosomiasis, is a disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies, which are commonly found in rural areas of East Africa. The disease primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as fever, headaches, and fatigue. If left untreated, East African sleeping sickness can progress to severe neurological complications, including confusion and sleep disturbances, hence the name. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as the disease can be fatal. Efforts to control the disease focus on reducing tsetse fly populations and improving access to medical care.