The Earthquake of 1755 struck on November 1, devastating the city of Lisbon, Portugal. It is estimated to have reached a magnitude of 8.5 to 9.0, causing widespread destruction and triggering a series of tsunamis and fires. The earthquake killed tens of thousands of people and left much of the city in ruins. This catastrophic event had significant social and philosophical impacts, influencing thinkers like Voltaire and Kant. The disaster prompted discussions about natural disasters, human suffering, and the role of divine intervention, shaping Enlightenment thought in Europe.