Earthen materials refer to natural substances derived from the earth, primarily used in construction and manufacturing. These materials include clay, sand, gravel, and soil, which are abundant and often locally sourced. They are valued for their sustainability, low cost, and versatility in various applications, such as building homes, roads, and pottery. In addition to their practical uses, earthen materials have cultural significance in many societies. For instance, adobe is a traditional building material made from clay and straw, commonly used in regions like the American Southwest. The use of earthen materials reflects a connection to the environment and promotes eco-friendly practices.