The Early Modern Period, spanning roughly from the late 15th century to the late 18th century, marked significant changes in Europe and beyond. This era saw the rise of nation-states, the spread of Renaissance ideas, and advancements in science and technology. It was characterized by exploration, leading to the establishment of colonies and increased global trade. During this time, major events such as the Reformation and the Enlightenment transformed religious and philosophical thought. The period also witnessed the development of new artistic styles, exemplified by figures like Shakespeare and Rembrandt, and the emergence of influential political theories that shaped modern governance.