A nation-state is a political entity characterized by a defined territory, a permanent population, and a government that exercises control over its affairs. It often aligns with a specific nation, which is a group of people who share common cultural traits, such as language, history, and traditions. Examples of nation-states include countries like France and Japan, where the cultural identity closely matches the political boundaries. In a nation-state, the government is responsible for creating laws, maintaining order, and providing services to its citizens. This concept is important in international relations, as nation-states interact with one another through diplomacy, trade, and sometimes conflict. The idea of a nation-state helps to shape global politics and the way people identify themselves within the world.