The title "Earls of Scotland" refers to noble ranks in the Scottish peerage system, historically equivalent to the English title of "Earl." Earls were granted land and authority by the monarch, playing significant roles in local governance and military leadership. They often managed large estates and were influential in the political landscape of Scotland. Throughout history, various families have held the title, with some becoming prominent figures in Scottish history. Notable examples include the Earl of Fife and the Earl of Moray. The title has evolved over time, with some earldoms becoming extinct while new ones were created.