The Earldom of Ulster is a historic title in the peerage of Ireland, created in 1177. It was established by King Henry II of England for Hugh de Lacy, who was granted lands in the province of Ulster. The earldom played a significant role in the medieval history of Ireland, particularly during the conflicts between the English crown and the Gaelic Irish lords. The title has been associated with various noble families over the centuries, including the Plantagenets and the Tudors. Although the earldom became dormant in the 17th century, it remains an important part of Irish heritage and history, symbolizing the complex relationships between England and Ireland.