An ELCB, or Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker, is a safety device used in electrical systems to prevent electric shocks and electrical fires. It works by detecting any leakage of current from the circuit to the ground. If it senses an imbalance, it quickly disconnects the power supply, protecting both people and equipment. There are two main types of ELCBs: voltage earth leakage circuit breakers and current earth leakage circuit breakers. The former detects voltage differences, while the latter measures the actual current flowing through the circuit. Both types are essential for ensuring electrical safety in homes and industrial settings.