An ELCB, or Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker, is a safety device used in electrical installations. Its primary function is to detect earth faults, which occur when electrical current leaks from the circuit to the ground. By monitoring the flow of electricity, the ELCB can quickly disconnect the power supply, preventing electric shocks and reducing the risk of electrical fires. There are two main types of ELCBs: voltage earth leakage circuit breakers and current earth leakage circuit breakers. The former detects voltage differences, while the latter measures the current imbalance between live and neutral wires. Both types enhance electrical safety in homes and commercial buildings.