The Dutch colonial period refers to the time when the Netherlands established overseas territories, primarily during the 17th century. This era was marked by the expansion of the Dutch East India Company, which sought to control trade routes and resources in Asia, particularly in Indonesia. The Dutch also colonized parts of the Caribbean and established settlements in North America, such as New Amsterdam, which later became New York City. During this period, the Dutch implemented a mercantile system, focusing on trade and agriculture. They introduced cash crops like sugar and tobacco in their colonies, significantly impacting local economies. The legacy of the Dutch colonial period is still evident today in the cultures and societies of former colonies.