The Dukes of Lorraine were a noble family that ruled the region of Lorraine in northeastern France from the 10th century until the 18th century. They played a significant role in the political and military history of the area, often engaging in conflicts with neighboring territories, including the Holy Roman Empire and France. The title of Duke was established in 1354, and the dukes were known for their efforts to maintain the independence of Lorraine. One of the most notable dukes was René II, who successfully defended Lorraine against the forces of Charles the Bold in the late 15th century. The duchy eventually became part of France in 1766, following the death of the last duke, Stanisław Leszczyński, who was also a former king of Poland. The legacy of the Dukes of Lorraine continues to influence the cultural and historical identity of the region.