The Duke of Lu was a title held by rulers of the ancient Chinese state of Lu, which existed during the Spring and Autumn period (approximately 770-476 BCE). The state was located in what is now Shandong Province. The Duke of Lu is often associated with the philosopher Confucius, who served as a minister in the state and played a significant role in its political and educational development. The title of Duke of Lu was hereditary, passed down through generations of the ruling family. The dukes were responsible for governance, military leadership, and maintaining order within their territory. The state of Lu is notable for its contributions to Chinese culture, particularly in philosophy and literature, influenced by the teachings of Confucius and other scholars of the time.