Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was a German nobleman born on June 21, 1818. He became the Duke in 1844 after the death of his father, Duke Ernst I. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the duchy and improve its economy, as well as a focus on education and culture. Ernst II was also known for his connections to various European royal families, including his ties to the British royal family through his cousin, Queen Victoria. He ruled until his death on August 22, 1893, leaving a legacy of progress in his duchy.