Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Hildburghausen was a German nobleman who ruled from 1745 until his death in 1780. He was a member of the House of Wettin and governed the small duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen, located in present-day Germany. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the duchy and improve its economy. Ernst I is known for his patronage of the arts and education, promoting cultural development in his territory. He also played a role in the political landscape of the time, navigating alliances and conflicts within the Holy Roman Empire. His legacy includes contributions to the cultural and administrative framework of his duchy.