Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (1700-1739) was a German nobleman and a member of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. He was the son of Duke Frederick IV and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. Charles Frederick became the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in 1732 and was known for his efforts to modernize his duchy and improve its economy. In 1733, he married Duchess Anna Petrovna, the daughter of Peter the Great of Russia, which strengthened ties between the two regions. His reign was marked by cultural and economic development, although it was cut short by his early death at the age of 39.