Duke Ai of Lu was a ruler of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. He reigned from 549 to 527 BCE and is known for his efforts to maintain the state's independence amid the power struggles of neighboring states. His leadership was marked by a focus on governance and the promotion of Confucian ideals. Duke Ai is often associated with the philosopher Confucius, who served as a minister in Lu during his reign. The duke's policies and decisions were influenced by Confucian teachings, which emphasized morality, proper conduct, and the importance of virtuous leadership.