The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was a historical state in northern Italy, part of the region of Emilia-Romagna. It existed from the late Middle Ages until the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The duchy was ruled by the House of Este, a prominent noble family, and its capital was the city of Modena. The duchy was known for its rich cultural heritage, including art and architecture, and played a significant role in the political landscape of Italy during its existence. It was also famous for its production of balsamic vinegar, a culinary specialty still celebrated today.