The Duchy of Croatia was a historical region that existed from the 9th to the 12th centuries. It was established as a semi-independent state within the Holy Roman Empire and was ruled by a duke. The duchy played a significant role in the early formation of Croatian identity and governance. During its existence, the Duchy of Croatia faced various challenges, including invasions and political changes. In 1102, it united with the Kingdom of Hungary, marking the end of its status as a duchy. This union significantly influenced the political landscape of the region for centuries to come.