The Duchy of Tuscany was a historical state in central Italy that existed from the 15th to the 18th centuries. It was ruled by the Medici family, who were influential patrons of the arts and played a significant role in the Renaissance. The duchy included major cities like Florence, Siena, and Pisa. In 1569, the Duchy of Tuscany was elevated to a grand duchy, becoming the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It was known for its cultural achievements and economic prosperity, particularly in trade and agriculture. The region was eventually absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.