The Duchy of Parma was a historical state in northern Italy, established in the 16th century. It was ruled by the House of Bourbon and became a significant center of culture and politics during its existence. The duchy was known for its art, architecture, and contributions to the Italian Renaissance. In 1860, the Duchy of Parma was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy, marking the end of its sovereignty. The region is now part of the modern Italian province of Parma, which is famous for its cheese and ham, as well as its rich history and beautiful landscapes.