W.E.B. Du Bois was an influential African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist born on February 23, 1868. He was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University and is best known for his work in promoting civil rights and advocating for the education of African Americans. Du Bois co-founded the NAACP in 1909 and was a prominent figure in the early 20th-century civil rights movement. Du Bois introduced the concept of "double consciousness," which describes the internal conflict experienced by marginalized groups in a society that devalues their identity. His notable works include "The Souls of Black Folk," where he explored the struggles of African Americans and called for social change. Du Bois's legacy continues to influence discussions on race and equality in the United States.