Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, and activist born in 1887. He is best known for founding the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914, which aimed to promote African American unity and self-reliance. Garvey advocated for the return of people of African descent to their ancestral homelands in Africa and emphasized pride in African heritage. Garvey's ideas influenced the Pan-Africanism movement and inspired future civil rights leaders. He promoted the concept of a "Back to Africa" movement, encouraging Black people to establish their own nation. Despite facing legal challenges and deportation, his legacy continues to impact discussions on race and identity.